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Quick Reference Guide to Selected Standards
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[Please note the following is not a complete list of OSHA standards
for General Industry. All standards are located in 29 Code of Federal
Regulations 1940, 1910 and 1926 unless otherwise noted.]
Source: OSHA and Code of Federal Regulations
Click here for information on all General Industry standards and to view the actual standards from the Code of Federal Regulations.
Accident Record-keeping Requirements
In each workplace you must maintain a log and summary (OSHA No. 200 or
equivalent) of all recordable injuries and illnesses resulting in a
fatality, hospitalization, lost workdays, medical treatment, job transfer
or termination, or loss of consciousness. Each recordable event must
be entered no later than six working days after receiving the information.
If the complete log and summary records are maintained elsewhere, a
complete and up-to-date (within 45 days) copy of the log for that workplace
must be available at the original site. 1904.2(a) & (b)(2)
In addition to the OSHA No. 200, you must have a supplementary record
(OSHA No. 101 or equivalent) for each occupational injury or illness
for that workplace. The supplementary records must be available for inspection
at each workplace within six working days after notification of a recordable
case. 1904.4
You must post by Feb. 1 of each year, an annual summary of occupational
injuries and illnesses for each workplace. The summary must remain in
place until March 1 of the same year. The summary consists of information
compiled from the collected OSHA No. 200 forms and includes the year’s
totals, calendar year covered, company name, workplace name and address,
certification signature, title and date. An OSHA No. 200 must be used
in presenting the summary. 1904.5The log and summary, the supplementary
record, and the annual summary must be retained in each workplace for
five years following the end of the year to which they relate. Records
must be made available, as authorized, upon request. 1904.6(a) & (b) & 1904.7(a) & (b)
Note: Certain establishments classified as retail trades, finance, insurance,
real estate and services may be exempt from the requirement for maintaining
records relating to occupational illnesses and injuries. (See 29 CFR
1904.16, Establishments Classified in Standard Industrial Classification
Codes 52-89, except 52-54, 70, 75, 76, 79, and 80).
Accident Reporting Requirements
You must report all employment accidents to the nearest OSHA area office within 48 hours after occurrence, either orally or in writing, that results in a fatality to one or more employees or the hospitalization of five or more employees. 1904.8
You must ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 0.2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air (0.2 f/cc) over an eight-hour time-weighted average (TWA). 1910.1001(c)(1)
You must ensure that no employee is exposed to an airborne concentration of asbestos in excess of 1 f/cc as averaged over a sampling period of 30 minutes. 1910.1001(c)(2)
To help reduce worker exposure to airborne fibers, asbestos must be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, scored or otherwise worked in a wet state. This wet method must also be used when products containing asbestos are removed from bags, cartons or containers. If this is not possible, removal must be done in an enclosed or well-ventilated area. 1910.1001(f)(1)(vi) & (viii)
Respirators must be used (1) while feasible engineering and work practice controls are being installed or implemented; (2) during maintenance and repair activities where engineering and work practice controls are not feasible; (3) if feasible engineering and work practice controls are insufficient to reduce employee exposure; and (4) in emergencies. 1910.1001(g)(1)
Bloodborne Pathogens
You must have a written exposure control plan designed to eliminate or
minimize exposure if you have employee(s) who, as a result of performing
their professional duties, may incur skin, eye, mucous membrane or
parenteral contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials.
1910.1030(c)(1)(i)
Universal precautions must be observed to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Under circumstances where differentiation between body fluid types is difficult or impossible, all body fluids must be considered potentially infectious. 1910.1030(d)(1)
Engineering and work practice controls must be used to eliminate or minimize employee exposure. Where occupational exposure remains after instituting engineering and work practice controls, personal protective equipment must also be used. 1910.103(d)(2)(i)
Compressed gas cylinders must be kept away from excessive heat; must not be stored where they might be damaged or knocked over by passing or falling objects; and must be stored at least 20 feet (six meters) away from highly combustible materials. 1910.253(b)(2)(ii)
If a cylinder is designed to accept a valve protection cap, caps must be in place except when the cylinder is in use or is connected for use. 1910.253(b)(2)(iv)
Indoor cylinder storage areas must be well-protected, well-ventilated, dry and located at least 20 feet (six meters) from highly combustible materials such as oil or excelsior. Cylinders should be stored in specifically assigned places away from elevators, stairs or gangways. Assigned storage spaces must be located where cylinders will not be knocked over or damaged by passing or falling objects, or subject to tampering by unauthorized persons. Cylinders must not be kept in poorly ventilated enclosures such as lockers and cupboards. 1910.253(b)(2)(ii)
In-plant handling, storage and utilization of all compressed gases in cylinders, portable tanks, rail tank cars or motor vehicle cargo tanks must be in accordance with Compressed Gas Association pamphlet P-1-1965.
Acetylene
Acetylene cylinders must be stored and used in the vertical, valve-end-up
position only. 1910.253(b)(3)(ii)
Acetylene must be generated, piped (except in approved cylinder manifolds) or utilized at pressures not to exceed 15 pounds per square inch (psi) (103 kPa gauge pressure) or 30 psi (206 kPa absolute). The use of liquid acetylene is prohibited. 1910.253(a)(2)
In-plant transfer, handling and storage of acetylene in cylinders must be in accordance with Compressed Gas Association pamphlet G-1.3-1959. 1910.102(a)
Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout)
Whenever service or maintenance is performed on machines and equipment, it must be done with the machine or equipment stopped and isolated from all sources of energy. The energy-isolating device(s) for that machine or equipment must be locked out or tagged out in accordance with a documented procedure. Employees involved in the energy control program must be given proper training.
Periodic inspections of the use of the procedures must be conducted at least annually to ensure the continued effectiveness of the program. The periodic inspection must include a review of the procedures with all employees who are authorized when lockout is used, and with all authorized and affected employees when tagout is used. When outside contractors are performing service or maintenance within a plant or facility, you must coordinate with the other employers to ensure that no employees are endangered. When a group of employees are performing a service or maintenance activity, each employee must be afforded protection equivalent to the utilization of individual lockout or tagout procedures.
When service or maintenance extends over more than one shift, specific procedures must be utilized to ensure continuity of personnel protection, including provision for the orderly transfer of lockout or tagout control. Specific procedures are utilized to minimize exposure to hazards from unexpected energizing, start-up of the machine or equipment, or the release of stored or residual energy.
Electrical
Electrical equipment must be free from recognized hazards which are likely
to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. 1910.303(b)(1)
Flexible Cords and Cables (Extension Cords)
Flexible cords and cables must be protected from accidental damage. 1910.305(a)(2)(iii)(G)
Flexible cords and cables may not be used as a substitute for the fixed wiring of a structure under the following circumstances:
Flexible cords must be connected to devices and fittings so that strain relief is provided, which will prevent pull from being directly transmitted to joints or terminal screws. 1910.305(g)(2)(iii)
Grounding/Grounded
For a grounded system, a grounding electrode conductor must be used to
connect both the equipment grounding conductor and the grounded circuit
conductor to the grounding electrode. Both the equipment grounding
conductor and the grounding electrode conductor must be connected to
the grounded circuit conductor on the supply side of the service disconnecting
means, or on the supply side of the system disconnecting means, or
overcurrent devices if the system is separately derived. 1910.304(f)(3)(i)
For an ungrounded service-supplied system, the equipment grounding conductor must be connected to the grounding electrode conductor at the service equipment. 1910.304(f)(3)(ii)
The path to ground from circuits, equipment and enclosures must be permanent and continuous.
Guarding
Electrical equipment must be free from recognized hazards that are likely
to cause death or serious physical harm to employees. 1910.303(b)(1)
Identification
Each disconnecting means must be legibly marked to indicate its purpose,
unless it is located so the purpose is evident. 1910.303(f)
Listing and Labeling
Listed or labeled equipment must be used or installed in accordance with
any instructions included in the listing or labeling. 1910.303(b)(2)
Openings
Unused openings in cabinets, boxes and fittings must be effectively closed.
1910.305(b)(1)
Safety-related Work Practices
When work is performed near or on equipment of circuits that are or may
be energized, safety-related work practices must be employed to prevent
electric shock or other injuries which may result from either direct
or indirect electrical contact. 1910.333(a)
Electrical safety-related work practices cover both qualified persons (those who have training in avoiding the electrical hazards of working on or near exposed energized parts) and unqualified persons (those with little or no such training). 1910.331(a)
There must be written lockout and/or tagout procedures (This may be a copy of 1910.333(b)(2).) 1910.333(b)(2)(i)
Overhead power lines must be deenergized and grounded by the owner or operator of the lines or other protective measures must be provided before work is started. Protective measures, such as guarding or insulating the lines, must be designed to prevent employees from contacting the lines. 1910.333(c)(3)
Unqualified employees and mechanical equipment must be at least 10 feet (three meters) away from overhead power lines of 50kV and below. If the voltage exceeds 50kV, the clearance distance should be increased by four inches (6.6 centimeters) for each additional 10kV over 50kV. 1910.333(c)(3)(i) & (iii)
OSHA requires portable ladders to have nonconductive side rails if used by employees who work where they might contact exposed energized circuit parts. 1910.333(c)(3)(iii)(7)
Splices
Conductors must be spliced or joined with devices identified for such
use by brazing, welding or soldering with a fusible alloy or metal.
All splices, joints and free ends of conductors must be covered with
an insulation equivalent to that of the conductor or with an insulating
device suitable for the purpose. 1910.303(c)
Emergency Action Plans
An emergency action plan to ensure employee safety in the event of fire
and other emergencies must be prepared in writing and reviewed with
affected employees. The plan must include the following elements: escape
procedures and routes, critical plant operations, employee accounting
following an emergency evacuation, rescue and medical duties, means
of reporting emergencies, and persons to contact for information or
clarification. 1910.38(a) &(b)(2)(i) through (iii) & 1910.120(q)
Employers should apprise employees of the fire hazards of the materials and processes to which they are exposed. 1910.38(b)(4) & 1910.120(q)
Emergency Flushing, Eyes and Body
Where the eyes or body of any person may be exposed to injurious corrosive materials, suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body must be provided within the work area for immediate emergency use. 1910.151(c)
Exits
Every building designed for human occupancy must be provided with exits
sufficient to permit the prompt escape of occupants in the event of
an emergency. 1910.36(b)(1)
In hazardous areas, or where employees may be endangered by the blocking of any single means of egress due to fire or smoke, there must be at least two means of egress remote from each other. 1910.36(b)(3) & (8)
Exits and the way of approach and travel from exits must be maintained so that they are unobstructed and accessible at all times. 1910.36(d)(1), 1910.37(f)(1) & (k)(2)
All exits must discharge onto the street or other open space that gives safe access to a public way. 1910.37(h)(1)
Exit doors serving more than 50 people, or located in high-hazard areas, must swing in the direction of exit travel. 1910.37(f)(2)
Exits must be marked by readily visible, suitably illuminated exit signs. Exit signs must be distinctive in color and provide contrast with surroundings. The word "EXIT" must be of plainly legible letters, not less than six inches (15 centimeters) high. 1910.37(g)(1), (4) & (8)
Any door, passage or stairway that is located or arranged so that it is likely to be mistaken for an exit, that is neither an exit nor a way of exit access must be identified by a sign reading "Not an Exit" or similar designation. 1910.37(q)(2)
Eyewash/Drench Shower
Suitable facilities for quick drenching or flushing of the eyes and body
must be provided if there is a possibility that an employee might be
exposed to injurious, corrosive materials. 1910.151(c)
Fire Protection
If portable fire extinguishers have been provided for employee use in
the workplace, employers must also provide an educational program to
familiarize employees with the general principles of fire extinguisher
use and the hazards involved with incipient stage fire fighting. 1910.157(e)(3)
If portable fire extinguishers are provided for employee use, employers must mount, locate and identify them so they are readily accessible to employees without subjecting them to possible injury. These fire extinguishers must be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition and kept in their designated places at all times except during use. 1910.157(c)(1) & (4)
Portable fire extinguishers must be given maintenance service at least once a year and a written record must be kept to show the maintenance or recharge date. 1910.157(c)(1)
Forklift Trucks (Powered Industrial Trucks)
If at any time a powered industrial truck is found to be in need of repair,
defective or in any way unsafe, the truck must be taken out of service
until it has been restored to safe operating condition. 1910.178(p)(1)
High-lift rider trucks must be equipped with substantial overhead guards unless operating conditions do not permit their use. 1910.178(e)(1)
Fork trucks must be equipped with vertical-load backrest extensions when the types of loads being handled present hazards to the operators. 1910.178(e)(2)
Truck brakes must be set and wheel chocks placed under the rear wheels to prevent the movement of trucks, trailers or railroad cars while loading or unloading. 1910.178(m)(7)
Only trained and authorized operators are permitted to operate a powered industrial truck. Methods must be devised to train operators in the safe operation of powered industrial trucks. 1910.178(l)
Hazard Communication
The purpose of this standard is to ensure that the hazards of all chemicals
produced or imported in the workplace are evaluated and that information
concerning their hazards is transmitted to employers and employees.
This transmittal of information is to be accomplished by means of comprehensive
hazard communication programs, which are to include container labeling
and other forms of warning, material safety data sheets (MSDS) and
employee training. 1910.1200(a)(1)
Employers must develop, implement and maintain at the workplace a written hazard communication program for your workplaces. Employers must inform your employees of the availability of the program, including the required list(s) of hazardous chemicals and material safety data sheets. 1910.1200(e)(1)(i) & (ii)
Containers storing hazardous chemicals in the workplace must be labeled, tagged or marked with the identity of the hazardous chemical(s) contained therein and must show hazard warnings appropriate for employee protection. 1910.1200(f)(1)(i) & (ii)
Chemical manufacturers and importers must obtain or develop a MSDS for each hazardous chemical they produce or import. Employers must have a MSDS for each hazardous chemical that is used and employers must make sure they are readily accessible to employees when they are in their work area. 1910.1200(g)(8)
Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area are: employer monitoring, continuous monitoring devices, and visual appearance or odor of hazardous chemicals when being released; the physical and health hazards of the chemicals in the work area; the measures employees can take to protect themselves from these hazards, including specific procedures employers have implemented to protect employees from exposure to hazardous chemicals; emergency procedures and personal protective equipment to be used; the details of the hazard communication program, including an explanation of the labeling system and the MSDS; and how employees can obtain and use the appropriate hazard information. 1910.1200(h)(2)(i) through (iv)
Hazardous Waste Operations (Emergency Response)
Employers must make available to affected employees prior to the commencement
of their work activities any information concerning the chemical, physical
and toxicologic properties of each substance known or expected to be
present on site and relevant to the duties an employee is expected
to perform. Employers may utilize information developed for the hazard
communication standard for this purpose. 1910.120(c)(8)
An emergency response plan is required for all potential emergencies involving hazardous substances. This includes plant emergencies involving those substances to which employees are expected to respond. 1910.120(q)
Training is required for all employees who work at hazardous waste cleanup sites, treatment storage and disposal (TSD) sites (Environmental Protection Agency permitted sites) and who respond to any emergencies involving hazardous substances. Training must cover the necessary information to perform these jobs safely including information on the proper personal protective equipment and procedures to safeguard employees against hazards and effects of exposure to toxic substances. 1910.120(e)
A safety and health program that delineates responsibilities and methods for assuring employee safety is necessary for employees engaged in hazardous waste cleanup or TSD activities. 1910.120(b)(1) & (p)(1)
Medical surveillance (physical examination) is required for employees dealing with hazardous waste, TSD and hazardous materials. It is used to monitor employees for adverse exposure to harmful substances. 1910.120(f)
Personal protective equipment must be selected and used to protect employees from hazardous substances and physical hazards. 1910.120(g)(3)
When necessary, a decontamination procedure must be used to assure that hazardous substances are removed from workers before they leave the worksite as well as from equipment that is to be taken off site. 1910.120(k)(1) & (2)
Ladders, Fixed
All rungs must have a minimum diameter of 3/4 inch (1.8 centimeters)
if metal, or 1 1/8 inches (2.8 centimeters) if wood. They must be a
minimum of 16 inches (40 centimeters) wide and should be spaced uniformly
no more than 12 inches (30 centimeters) apart. 1910.27(b)(1)(i) through
(iii)
Cages, wells or ladder safety devices for ladders affixed to towers, water tanks or chimneys must be provided on all ladders more than 20 feet (six meters) long. Landing platforms must be provided at each 30 feet (nine meters) of length. When no cage is provided, landing platforms must be provided for every 20 feet (six meters) of length. 1910.27(d)(1)(2) & (5)
Tops of cages on fixed ladders must extend 42 inches (one meter) above the top of landing, unless other acceptable protection is provided. The bottom of the cage must be not less than seven feet (2.1 meters) nor more than eight feet (2.4 meters) above the base of the ladder. 1910.27(d)(1)(iii) & (iv)
Side rails must extend 3 1/2 feet (one meter) above the landing. 1910.27(d)(3)
Ladders, Portable
Stepladders must be equipped with a metal spreader or locking device
of sufficient size and strength to securely hold the front and back
sections in an open position. 1910.25(c)(2)(i)(f) & 1910.26 (a)(3)(viii)
Ladders must be inspected frequently and those that have developed defects must be removed from service for repair or destruction and tagged or marked as "Dangerous, Do Not Use." 1910.25(d)(1)(x) & 1910.26(c)(2)(vii)
Non self-supporting ladders must be erected on a sound base and placed to prevent slipping with the base of ladder a distance from the wall or upper support equal to one-quarter the length of the ladder. 1910.25(d)(2)(i) & (iii); 1910.26(c)(3)(i) & (iii)
The top of the ladder used to gain access to a roof should extend at least three feet (0.9 meters) above the point of contact. 1910.25(d)(2)(xv)
OSHA requires portable ladders have nonconductive side rails if used by employees who would be working where they might contact exposed energized circuit parts. 1910.333(c)(iii)(7)
Machine Guarding
Machine guarding must be provided to protect employees in the machine
area from hazards such as those created by point-of-operation, nip
points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks. The guard must not
offer an accident hazard in itself. 1910.212(a)(1) &(2)
The point-of-operation guarding device must prevent the operator from having any part of his/her body in the danger zone during the operating cycle. 1910.212(a)(3)(ii)
Special supplemental hand tools for placing and removing material must permit material handling without the operator placing a hand in the danger zone. 1910.212(a)(3)(iii)
Some of the machines that usually require point-of-operation guarding are guillotine cutters, shears, alligator shears, power presses, milling machines, power saws, jointers, portable power tools and forming rolls and calendars. 1910.212(a)(3)(iv)
Mechanical Power Presses
Employers must provide and ensure the use of point-of-operation guards
or properly applied and adjusted point-of-operation devices. These
devices must prevent the entry of hands or fingers into the point of
every mechanical power press operation by reaching through, over, under
and around the guard. This requirement does not apply when the point-of-operation
opening is 1/4 inch (six millimeters) or less. 1910.217(c)(1) & (c)(2)(i)(a)
Hand and foot operations must be provided with guards to prevent inadvertent initiation of the press. 1910.217(b)(4) & (3)(i)(a) through (g)
Tonnage and stroke requirements must be stamped on the die or otherwise recorded and made readily available to the die setter. 1910.217(d)(6)
Employers must provide and enforce the use of safety blocks whenever dies are being adjusted or repaired in the press. Brushes, swabs or other tools must be provided for lubrication so that employees will not reach into the point-of-operation. 1910.217(d)(9)(iv) & (v)
Presence-sensing devices may not be used to initiate the slide motion except when used in total conformance with paragraph (h), 29 CFR 1910.217, which requires certification of the control system. 1910.217(h)
Machines using full-revolution clutches must incorporate a single-stroke mechanism. 1910.217(b)(3)(i)
A main disconnect switch capable of being locked in the off position must be provided with every power press control system. 1910.217(b)(8)(i)
Employers must establish a program of regular inspections of the power presses to ensure safe operating conditions. Inspection and maintenance records must be kept including the date, serial number of the equipment, as well as the signature of the inspector. 1910.217(e)(1)(i)
All point-of-operation injuries must be reported to OSHA or the state agency within 30 days. 1910.217(g)(1)
Medical Services and First Aid
Employers must ensure the ready availability of medical personnel for
advice and consultation on matters of occupational health. 1910.151(a)
When a medical facility for treatment of injured employees is not available in proximity to the workplace, a person or persons must be trained to render first aid. First aid supplies approved by a consulting physician must be readily available. 1910.151(b)
Permit-Required Confined Spaces
Employers must evaluate the workplace to determine if confined space
conditions exist that necessitate permits for entry. 1910.146(c)(1)
If permit-required confined spaces exist, exposed employees must be informed of the existence, location and dangers of the permit space by positive means, such as signs, or there must be an equally effective means of communicating the hazards of these spaces. 1910.146(c)(2)
If confined space entry is required, employers must develop and initiate a written permit program. 1910.146(c)(4)
Personal Protective Equipment
Proper personal protective equipment must be provided, used and maintained
in a sanitary and reliable condition where there is a hazard from processes
or environments that may cause injury or illness to the employee. Personal
protective equipment includes, but is not limited to, covers for eyes,
face, head and extremities, respiratory devices and protective shields
and barriers. 1910.132(a)
Where employees furnish their own personal protective equipment, the employer must be responsible to ensure its adequacy and that the equipment is properly maintained and in a sanitary condition. 1910.132(b)
Eye and Face Protection
Protective eye and face equipment must be required, used and maintained
in a sanitary and reliable condition as necessary to protect employees
from workplace hazards. 1910.133(a)(1)
Eye and face protection equipment must be in compliance with ANSI Z87.1-1968 (or a standard that is equally effective for eye and face protection, i.e. ANSI Z87.1-1989) and OSHA 1920.133. 1910.133(a)(6)
Foot Protection
Foot protection equipment must be worn when there is reasonable probability
that injury can be prevented by its use. 1910.132(a)
Safety-toe footwear must meet the requirements of ANSI Z41.1-1983. 1910.136
Head Protection
Head protection equipment (helmets) must be worn when there is a possible
danger of head injuries from impact, flying or falling objects, or
electrical shock and burns. 1910.132(a)(1) &(c)
Employees must wear nonconductive head protection wherever there is a danger of head injury from electric shock or burns due to contact with exposed energized parts. 1910.335(a)(1)(v)
Noise Exposure
Protection against the effects of occupational noise exposure must be
provided when the sound levels exceed those shown in Table G-16 of
the Safety and Health Standards. Feasible engineering and/or administrative
control must be utilized to keep exposure below the allowable limit.
1910.95(a)
When engineering or administrative controls fail to reduce the noise level to within the levels of Table G-16 of the Safety and Health Standards, personal protective equipment must be provided and used to reduce the noise to an acceptable level. 1910.95(b)(1)
In all cases where the sound levels equal or exceed an eight-hour TWA of 85 decibels measured on the A scale, a continuing, effective hearing conservation program must be administered. In addition, employers must develop and implement a monitoring program. 1910.95(c) & (d)(1)
Exposure to pulses of impact noise should not exceed 140 dB peak sound pressure level.
Employers must make available to affected employees or their representatives copies of this noise exposure standard and post a copy in the workplace. 1910.95(l)(1)
Respiratory Protection
Employers must provide suitable respirators, selected on the basis of
the hazard to which the worker is exposed, to protect the health of
the workers. 1910.134(a)(2) & (b)(2)
Where respirators are required, employers must establish and maintain a respiratory protective program. The program must be regularly evaluated to determine its continued effectiveness. 1910.134(a)(2)
Written procedures must be prepared covering the selection and safe use of respirators in dangerous atmospheres encountered during normal operations as well as during emergencies. 1910.134(b)(1) & (e)(3)
Supervisors and workers must be properly instructed in the selection, use and maintenance of respirators. 1910.134(b)(3)
Respirators must be regularly cleaned and disinfected and must be inspected during cleaning. Respirators for emergency use must be inspected at least once a month and after each use. When not in use, respirators must be stored in a convenient, clean and sanitary location. 1910.134(b)(5)(6) & (7)
Surveillance of work area conditions and the degree of employee exposure or stress must be maintained. 1910.134(b)(8)
Persons must not be assigned tasks requiring the use of respirators unless it has been determined that they are physically able to perform the work and use the equipment. Employees who use respirators must have their medical status reviewed periodically. 1910.134(b)(10)
After inspection, cleaning and necessary repair, respirators must be stored to protect against dust, sunlight, heat, extreme cold, excessive moisture and damaging chemicals. They should not be stored in lockers or tool boxes unless they are in carrying cases or cartons. Respirators should be easily accessible at all times. 1910.134(e)(5)
Respirator users must be properly instructed in their use and maintenance. 1910.134(e)(5)
Saws, Portable Circular
All portable, power-driven circular saws (except those used for cutting
meat) having a blade diameter greater than two inches (five centimeters)
must be equipped with guards above and below the base plate or shoe.
The upper guards must cover the saw to the depth of the teeth, except
for the minimum arc required to permit the base plate to be tilted
for bevel cuts. The lower guard must cover the saw to the depth of
the teeth, except for the minimum arc required to allow proper retraction
and contact with the work. When the tool is withdrawn from the work,
the lower guard must automatically return to the covering position.
1910.243(a)(1)
Spray-Finishing Operations
In conventional dry-tape spray booths, overspray dry filters or filter
rolls, if installed, must conform to the following: The spraying operations,
except electrostatic spraying, must ensure an average air velocity
over the open face of the booth of not less than 100 feet (30 meters)
per minute. Electrostatic spraying operations may be conducted with
an air velocity of not less than 60 feet (18 meters) per minute, depending
on the volume of the finishing material being applied and its flammability
and explosion characteristics. Visible gauges or audible alarms or
pressure-activated devices, must be installed to indicate or ensure
that the required air velocity is maintained. Filter pads must be inspected
after each use and clogged filter pads must be discarded and replaced.
Filter pads must be inspected to ensure proper placement of filter
media. 1910.107(b)(5)(i)
Spray booths must be installed so that all portions are readily accessible for cleaning. 1910.107(b)(9)
A clear space of not less than three feet (0.9 meters) on all sides of the spray booths must be kept from storage or combustible construction. 1910.107(b)(9)
Space within the spray booth on the downstream and upstream sides of filters must be protected with approved automatic sprinklers. 1910.107(b)(5)(iv)
There must be no open flame or spark-producing equipment in any spraying area or within 20 feet (six meters) thereof, unless separated by a partition. 1910.107(c)(2)
Electrical wiring and equipment not subject to deposits of combustible residues but located in a spraying area must be explosion proof. 1910.107(c)(6)
The quantity of flammable or combustible liquids kept in the vicinity of spraying operations must be the minimum required for operations and should ordinarily not exceed a supply for one day or one shift. 1910.107(e)(2)
Bulk storage of portable containers of flammable or combustible liquids must be in a separate constructed building detached from other important buildings or cut off in a standard manner. 1910.107(e)(2)
Whenever flammable or combustible liquids are transferred from one container to another, both containers must be effectively bonded and grounded to prevent discharge sparks of static electricity. 1910.107(e)(9)
All spraying areas must be kept as free from the accumulation of deposits of combustible residues as practical, with cleaning conducted daily if necessary. Scrapers, spuds or other such tools used for cleaning purposes must be constructed of non-sparking material. 1910.107(g)(2)
Scrapings and debris contaminated with residue must be immediately removed from the premises. 1910.107(g)(3)
"No smoking" signs in large letters on contrasting color background must be conspicuously posted in all spraying areas and paint storage rooms. 1910.107(g)(7)
Stairs, Fixed Industrial
Every flight of stairs having four or more risers must be provided with
a standard railing on all open sides. Handrails must be provided on
at least one side of closed stairways, preferable on the right side
descending. 1910.23(d)(1) & 24(h)
Stairs must be constructed so the rise height and tread width are uniform throughout. 1910.24(e)
Fixed stairways must have a minimum width of 22 inches (55 centimeters). 1910.24(d)
Fixed stairways must be provided for access from one structure to another where operations necessitate regular travel between levels, and for access to operating platforms on any equipment which requires attention routinely during operations. Fixed stairs must also be provided where access to elevations is daily or at each shift where such work may expose employees to harmful substances, or for which the carrying of tools or equipment by hand is normally required. Spiral stairways are not permitted except for special limited usage and secondary access situations where it is not practical to provide a conventional stairway. 1910.24(b)
Tanks, Open Surface
Ventilation that is used to control potential exposure to employees must
be adequate to reduce the concentration of the air contaminant to the
degree that a hazard to employees does not exist. 1910.94(d)(3)
Whenever there is a danger of splashing, employees must be required to wear either tight-fitting chemical goggles or an effective face shield. 1910.94(d)(9)(v)
There must be a supply of clean cold water near each tank that contains liquid that may be harmful if it comes into contact with an employee’s skin. The water pipe must be provided with a quick opening valve and at least 48 inches (1.2 meters) of hose not smaller than 3/4 inch (1.8 centimeters) in diameter. Alternatively, deluge shower and eye flushes must be provided. 1910.94(d)(9)(vii)
All employees working in and around open-surface tank operation must be instructed of the hazards of their respective jobs and in the personal protection and first aid procedures applicable to those hazards. 1910.94(d)(9)(i)
Toeboards
Railings protecting floor openings, platforms and scaffolds must be equipped
with toeboards whenever persons can pass beneath the open side, wherever
there is moving machinery or wherever falling material could cause
a hazard. 1910.23(c)(1)
A standard toeboard must be at least four inches (10 centimeters) in height and may be of any substantial material, either solid or open, with openings not to exceed one inch (2.5 centimeters) in greatest dimension. 1910.23(e)(4)
Woodworking Machinery
To protect the operator and other employees from hazards inherent to
the operation, all woodworking machinery such as table saws, swing
saws, radial saws, band saws, jointers, tenoning machines, boring and
mortising machines, shapers, planers, lathes, sanders, veneer cutters
and other miscellaneous woodworking machinery must be enclosed or guarded,
except for the part of the blade doing the actual cutting. 1910.213
(c) through (r)
Power control devices must be provided on each machine to enable the operator to cut off power to the machine without leaving his/her position at the point of operation. 1910.213(b)(1)
Power controls and operating controls should be located within easy reach of the operator at the regular work location, making it unnecessary to reach over the cutter to make adjustments. This does not apply to constant pressure controls used only for setup purposes. 1910.213(b)(3) & (4)
Re-starts. In operations where injury to the operator might result if motors were to restart after power failures, provisions must be made to prevent machines from automatically restarting upon restoration of power. 1910.213(b)(3)
Band saw blades must be enclosed or guarded except for the working portion of the blade between the bottom of the guide rolls and the table. Band saw wheels must be fully encased and the outside periphery of the enclosure must be solid. The front and back must be either solid or wire mesh or perforated metal. 1910.213(I)(1)
Circular table saws must have a mounted hood over the portion of the saw that protrudes above the table so that the hood will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of and remain in contact with the material being cut. 1910.213(c), (d)(1) & (e)(1)
Circular table saws must have a spreader aligned with the blade, spaced no more than 1/2 inch (eight millimeters) behind the largest blade mounted in the saw. The provision of a spreader in connection with grooving, dadoing or rabbeting is not required. 1910.213(c)(2), (d)(2) & (e)(2)
Circular table saws used for ripping must have non-kickback fingers or dogs. 1910.213(c)(3) & (f)(2)
Inverted swing or sliding cut-off saws must be provided with a hood that will cover the part of the saw that protrudes above the top of the table or material being cut. 1910.213(g)(4)
Radial saws must have an upper guard that completely encloses the upper half of the saw blade. The sides of the lower exposed portion of the blade must be guarded by a device that will automatically adjust to the thickness of and remain in contact with the material being cut. 1910.213(h)(1)
Radial saws used for ripping must have non-kickback fingers or dogs. 1910.213(h)(2)
Radial saws must have an adjustable stop to prevent the forward travel of the blade beyond the position necessary to complete the cut in repetitive operations. 1910.213(h)(3)
Radial saws must be installed so that the cutting head will return to the starting position when released by the operator. 1910.213(h)(4)
Rip saws must have a spreader aligned with and no thinner than the blade. The provision of a spreader in connection with grooving, dadoing or rabbeting is not required. 1910.213(c)(3) & (f)(2)
Rip saws must have non-kickback fingers or dogs. 1910.213(c)(3) & (f)(2)
Self-feed circular saws feed rolls and blades must be protected by a hood or guard to prevent the operator’s hand from coming into contact with the in-running rolls at any point. 1910.213(f)(l)
Swing or sliding cut-off saws must be provided with a hood that will completely enclose the upper half of the saw. 1910.213(g)(1)
Swing or sliding cut-off saws must be provided with limit stops to prevent the saws from extending beyond the front or back edges of the table. 1910.213(g)(3)
Swing or sliding cut-off saws must be provided with an effective device
to automatically return the saw to the back of the table when released
at any point of its travel. 1910.213(g)(2)
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© 2003 Connecticut Business & Industry Association (CBIA). All rights reserved. The articles, forms and other materials available through this Web site are for informational purposes only. They are not intended as legal advice or as a solution to an individual problem. You are encouraged to consult with appropriate legal counsel prior to relying on the materials in whole or in part.
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